Suggested Learning Resources
3) Online Reading: Modulation with Pivot Chords http://www.musictheoryhelp.co.uk/guides/chromatic-harmony-modulation/5-pivot-chord-modulation/
- A pivot chord is a harmony which exists diatonically (within the key
signature) of two different keys
- Pivot chords function one way in the preceding music and another way
in the music to follow, for example: Am is the vi chord in the key of C major, but
at the same time, the ii chord in the key of G major
- Pivot chord modulation has occurred when a pivot chord is used at
the point of modulation
- Analyze pivot chords two times – once for the preceding key, and once
for the new target key
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- Keys adjacent on the circle of fifths (differing by one sharp or flat)
generally have 4 possible pivot chords, for example the keys C and G diatonically
share chords C, Em, G, and Am, respectively I, iii, V, vi in C major and IV, vi,
I and ii in G major.
- Major keys share with their relative minor keys all chords as possible
pivot chords, for example, in C major -- C, dm, em, F, G, am, b° are I, ii, iii,
IV, V, vi, vii°, while in A minor the same chords are III, iv, v, vi, VII, i, ii°.
https://youtu.be/V1v7XxJZv7U
Objective 31.1: Define the terms pivot chord and pivot chord modulation, and Identify
the possible pivot chords between two given keys (including minor dominant)