Suggested Learning Resources

1) YFIO

2) Video Lesson: Basics of Pivot Chord Modulation: J Flinn Channel https://youtu.be/VZXrgjGcSr0


3) Online Reading: Modulation with Pivot Chords http://www.musictheoryhelp.co.uk/guides/chromatic-harmony-modulation/5-pivot-chord-modulation/

4) Interactive Lesson: 


Music Theory QuickThink: 

-          Look for a phrase that modulates

-          To find the pivot chord work backwards through the harmonic progression

-          Find the ending chord – perhaps a I or minor i

-          Determine the penultimate chord (second to last chord) – often this is a predominant: ii or IV chord

-          Continuing to work backward from the end of the phrase, look for a pivot chord – one which is diatonic in both the ending key signature, and the opening key signature.

-          Remember that phrases don’t always begin and end on the tonic chord – for example, it is possible for a progression to begin on a predominant, and end with a deceptive cadence.

-          In order to identify an opening key, pivot chord modulation, and closing key, use all clues available: key signatures, familiar progressions (tonic, predominant, dominant), accidentals for harmonic minor, etc.             


Example:

Key of C modulating to key of G























Progression


   F


G


C


am


D


G





Analys is                        


C major:


IV


V


I


vi (pivot chord)











Analysis after modulation





G major:


Ii


V


I




Objective 32.1: Examples in Music: YouTube

https://youtu.be/C8PAI-v35iE

Objective 32.1: Identify and label pivot chord modulations in real music examples